The BG-HFOs are derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which have the unique ability to generate any cell type. By embedding biological and chemical signals within a hydrogel matrix, researchers guide these stem cells into three-dimensional aggregates that develop into heart organoids within 10 to 14 days. Unlike simple clusters of heart muscle cells, these structures contain at least seven distinct, well-organized cell and tissue types.
The artificial mini-hearts mirror embryonic development by forming three cup-shaped layers that include heart progenitors, as well as precursors for the liver, lungs, and blood vessels. “We have now adapted our differentiation protocol, i.e. our special experimental instructions, and added a dense endothelial layer to the heart organoid, which lines the blood vessels and from which the blood-forming cells and progenitor cells emerge,” explains Dr. Miriana Dardano, first author of the study. “This is the first human organ model of its kind that combines all tissues according to development in the embryo,” adds the stem cell biologist.
